Which medication class is specifically indicated for treating hypertension and heart failure among the given options?

Which medication class is specifically indicated for treating hypertension and heart failure among the given options?

• A. ACE inhibitors
• B. Calcium channel blockers
• C. ARBs
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

While all the listed medication classes—ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and ARBs—can be used in the management of hypertension and have roles in heart failure, the correct classification encompassing all options is warranted because each class has its specific indications and mechanisms of action that contribute to the treatment of these conditions. ACE inhibitors are particularly beneficial in heart failure due to their ability to improve hemodynamics, reduce morbidity, and potentially prolong survival. They lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and decreased workload on the heart. Calcium channel blockers also play a role in controlling hypertension by preventing calcium from entering cells of the heart and blood vessel walls, causing relaxation and dilation of blood vessels. Some subtypes, like dihydropyridines, are primarily used for hypertension, while non-dihydropyridines can also help in managing heart failure. ARBs, similar to ACE inhibitors, offer benefits in heart failure and hypertension by blocking the action of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood volume, thus lowering blood pressure and making it easier for the heart to pump. By acknowledging that each of these medication classes can effectively address both hypertension and

While all the listed medication classes—ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and ARBs—can be used in the management of hypertension and have roles in heart failure, the correct classification encompassing all options is warranted because each class has its specific indications and mechanisms of action that contribute to the treatment of these conditions.

ACE inhibitors are particularly beneficial in heart failure due to their ability to improve hemodynamics, reduce morbidity, and potentially prolong survival. They lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and decreased workload on the heart.

Calcium channel blockers also play a role in controlling hypertension by preventing calcium from entering cells of the heart and blood vessel walls, causing relaxation and dilation of blood vessels. Some subtypes, like dihydropyridines, are primarily used for hypertension, while non-dihydropyridines can also help in managing heart failure.

ARBs, similar to ACE inhibitors, offer benefits in heart failure and hypertension by blocking the action of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood volume, thus lowering blood pressure and making it easier for the heart to pump.

By acknowledging that each of these medication classes can effectively address both hypertension and